
- Title Joshua Commanding the Sun to Stand Still upon Gibeon
- Artist John Martin (English Romantic painter and printmaker of biblical and apocalyptic landscapes; Haydon Bridge, near Hexham, Northumberland, 19 July 1789 - Douglas, Isle of Man, 17 February 1854)
- Year of creation 1816 (Martin's breakthrough picture, painted when he was 27 years old after several lean years working as a heraldic and china painter and a teacher of drawing in London. The composition combines biblical history with sublime apocalyptic landscape: it illustrates the dramatic incident from the Old Testament Book of Joshua, chapter 10, in which Joshua — leader of the Israelites — comes to the assistance of the besieged city of Gibeon by appealing to Jehovah to halt the sun in its course over the valley of Aijalon so that his army has more daylight in which to defeat the besieging Amorite confederacy. Joshua stands in the centre of the composition on a rocky outcrop in profile to the viewer, his right arm raised commandingly toward the sun, while behind him God's storm of hail and fire is unleashed on the fleeing enemy. The painting was first exhibited at the Royal Academy Summer Exhibition of 1816 at Somerset House — the 48th annual Exhibition, no. 218 — and again the following year at the British Institution, where it won critical acclaim and the British Institution's third prize of 100 guineas. The picture established Martin's career and the template for the apocalyptic sublime biblical canvases for which he would become famous — Belshazzar's Feast, The Fall of Babylon, The Great Day of His Wrath and so on)
- Technique/Medium Oil on canvas
- Original dimensions 150 x 231 cm (59 x 91 inches)
- Collection/Museum National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C. (accession no. 2004.64.1; acquired 28 May 2004 from Thomas Agnew & Sons Ltd. Provenance: purchased 1822 by William Collins; Thomas Wilson, until 1848; John Naylor, until 1889; John M. Naylor; his estate sale at Leighton Hall, Welshpool, 23 January 1923, no. 41; given anonymously in 1924 to the United Grand Lodge of England, which sold it to Agnew's in 2004. A smaller later autograph reduction, c.1840, 47.9 x 62.5 cm, is at the Yale Center for British Art, Paul Mellon Collection [B1976.7.55]; Martin also made an 1835 mezzotint of the composition for his Illustrations of the Bible)
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