
- Title Triptych (Mérode Altarpiece) — central panel, The Annunciation
- Artist Workshop of Robert Campin (Early Netherlandish painter active in Tournai; probably identical with the anonymous "Master of Flémalle"; c. 1375 - Tournai, 26 April 1444)
- Year of creation c. 1427-1432 (the central panel of the Annunciation Triptych. This is the original devotional image of the altarpiece, painted first — probably c. 1425-1428 — with the donor and Joseph wings added shortly thereafter to elevate the picture into a full triptych. The composition is one of the most influential treatments of the Annunciation in the entire Western tradition: the divine event of Gabriel announcing to Mary that she will conceive the Son of God [Luke 1:26-38] is transposed entirely into a meticulously observed contemporary middle-class Flemish domestic interior, a townhouse parlour with a wooden ceiling, leaded glass windows, a fireplace, a cupboard with metalwork and ceramics, an embroidered linen cloth, and a long padded bench. Mary, dressed in deep red, sits humbly on the floor in front of the bench, absorbed in reading a book — her own book of hours open before her, with a second book and a scroll on the table representing the Old and New Testaments. The Archangel Gabriel kneels at her right with his lily of purity, just having entered. Mary does not yet see him: the picture captures the moment immediately before the announcement is made. The Incarnation is shown to be physically taking place at this very instant — through the leaded window at upper left, a tiny figure of the Christ Child carrying a cross rides downward on golden rays of light toward Mary, the visualised arrival of the Holy Spirit. On the table the candle has just been miraculously extinguished, its smoke still rising, indicating the moment that the divine Light has entered the world. Every object in the interior carries embedded theological symbolism — the brass basin and white cloth signify Mary's purity, the lilies are her virginity, the closed garden visible through the donor's door is the hortus conclusus, the unlit hearth and snuffed candle echo the cooling of the Old Law before the New. Two coats of arms appear in the upper window panes — the dexter shield identified by Hugo von Tschudi as that of the Imbrechts / Inghelbrechts / Engelbrecht family of Mechelen and Cologne, the sinister one tentatively associated with the Calcum or Lohausen family. The altarpiece is a founding monument of Early Netherlandish painting and the most celebrated single example of what Erwin Panofsky called "disguised symbolism," in which sacred meanings are embedded in the meticulously rendered objects of an ordinary contemporary domestic setting. A second, somewhat earlier or contemporary autograph version of the central Annunciation alone, without wings, is in the Musées royaux des Beaux-Arts de Belgique in Brussels — long considered a workshop copy but more recently argued to be Campin's primary version, with the New York central panel perhaps a slightly later replica that became the basis of the triptych. The Metropolitan now attributes the New York work to the "Workshop of Robert Campin")
- Technique/Medium Oil on oak panel
- Original dimensions Central panel: 64.1 x 63.2 cm (overall open triptych: 64.5 x 117.8 cm; each wing 64.5 x 27.3 cm)
- Collection/Museum The Cloisters, Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York (Cloisters Collection, accession 56.70a-c; acquired in 1956 from the Belgian aristocratic Arenberg-Mérode family)
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